Prior anaphylaxis, an asthma diagnosis, IgE sensitisation or basophil activation tests are not good predictors. Significant uncertainties remain with respect to the prediction of severe reactions, both anaphylaxis and/or severe anaphylaxis refractory to treatment. We included 88 studies and synthesised the evidence narratively, undertaking meta‐analysis where appropriate. We searched three bibliographic databases for studies published between January 2010 and August 2021. This rapid review summarises the most up to date evidence about risk factors for severe food‐induced allergic reactions. Publications from Central and South America, Asia, and Africa are needed to complete the picture of food anaphylaxis worldwide. Deaths due to food anaphylaxis are very rare but appear more frequently in adolescence. Major efforts have been made to determine whether the frequency of food anaphylaxis and associated trends is distributed in the same way between countries and ethnic groups (high rates in second-generation immigrants in Western countries).įood is the main cause of anaphylaxis in childhood and adolescence, although important methodological problems prevent us from concluding that there has been a true increase in food-related anaphylaxis in the last 15 years. Various studies and meta-analyses worldwide report a high frequency of food-induced anaphylaxis in childhood and adolescence and an increase in rates of anaphylaxis managed in health care settings. Our review covers incidence, trends, natural history (recurrence and deaths), differences by geographic region, foods involved, and demographic and ethnic distributions. We present an updated information on the epidemiology of food-induced anaphylaxis based on meta-analyses and epidemiology studies published in the last 5 to 10 years.
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